Common Myths About Cognitive Disorders — and Why Understanding Matters

January is Alzheimer's and Other Neurocognitive Disorders Awareness Month — a time to reflect, learn, and better support the people we care for who are living with changes in memory, thinking, and daily functioning.

As a caregiver, you've likely heard many things about cognitive disorders: from well-meaning friends, online forums, or even healthcare settings. Unfortunately, some of what circulates isn't quite accurate, and these misconceptions can add confusion, delay important conversations, or make you second-guess what you're seeing.

Let's look at some of the most common myths and what's actually true, so you can move forward with clarity and confidence.

Myth 1: Significant memory loss is just a normal part of aging

What's true: Occasionally forgetting a name or where you put your keys can happen as we get older. But when memory changes start affecting daily routines, relationships, or your loved one's ability to manage things they used to handle easily — that's worth bringing up with a healthcare provider. Significant memory loss that interferes with everyday life isn't just "normal aging."

Myth 2: Cognitive disorders only affect older adults

What's true: While the likelihood increases with age, cognitive changes can happen earlier than many people realize. Conditions like early-onset Alzheimer's can appear in people in their 40s, 50s, or even younger. If you're noticing changes and someone says "they're too young for that," trust what you're seeing. Early conversations with a doctor can open the door to support and planning that make a real difference. 

Myth 3: All memory problems are caused by serious brain disease

What's true: Not every change in memory or thinking stems from a progressive brain disorder. Sometimes the cause is something more manageable — medication side effects, depression, sleep issues, vitamin deficiencies, stress, or even dehydration. That's why it's so important to talk with a healthcare provider rather than jumping to conclusions. Getting the full picture helps you understand what's happening and what can be done.

Myth 4: There's no point in getting diagnosed early since there's no cure

What's true: Early diagnosis isn't just about treatment options — it's about time. Time to have important conversations, make plans together, access support services, and maintain as much independence as possible for as long as possible.  

When changes in memory or thinking are identified early, your loved one can actively participate in decisions and learn tools that support daily life — like getting familiar with the Idem clock, using an automatic pill dispenser, or establishing routines that will remain helpful over time. Learning and adapting is often easier earlier on, when attention, reasoning, and problem-solving abilities are still relatively strong. These early strategies can then continue to provide gentle guidance and reassurance as needs evolve.

There are also treatments and care approaches that can help manage symptoms and support quality of life. And perhaps most importantly, an early diagnosis gives you and your loved one the chance to shape what comes next, together.

Myth 5: Cognitive disorders are all the same thing

What's true: "Cognitive disorder" is a broad term that describes changes in memory and thinking that affect daily life. Alzheimer's is one type, but there are others — and they can show up quite differently

For example:

• Some cognitive disorders primarily affect memory, like Alzheimer’s, where a person may have difficulty remembering recent events or conversations.

• Others may affect movement and coordination, such as Parkinson’s-related cognitive changes, where motor symptoms like stiffness or tremors can appear alongside thinking challenges.

• Some, like Lewy body–related cognitive changes, often impact alertness, attention, and perception, with fluctuations in focus, visual hallucinations, or changes in sleep patterns.

Understanding these differences helps families avoid assumptions and choose care approaches that truly match their loved one’s needs — instead of expecting the same progression or symptoms for everyone.

Myth 6: Brain-boosting supplements or diets can prevent cognitive decline

What's true: There's no miracle food, vitamin, or supplement that's been proven to prevent or reverse cognitive disorders. While healthy habits — balanced nutrition, physical activity, good sleep, and staying socially connected — support overall brain health, no single product can guarantee prevention. If you're considering supplements, it's worth talking with a healthcare provider first.

Why Understanding These Myths Matters

Believing myths about cognitive disorders doesn't just spread misinformation; it can delay the care your loved one needs, increase feelings of isolation or shame, and add stress to an already demanding role.

When we replace myth with fact, we create space for:

• Earlier, more productive conversations with doctors
• Better support at home that fits what's actually happening
• Time to plan and prepare emotionally
• Less stigma: for your loved one, and for you as a caregiver

Understanding what's true helps you move forward with compassion — for them, and for yourself.

How You Can Help — Beyond Awareness Month

Sharing accurate information matters — not just in January, but throughout the year. If friends, family, or neighbors notice memory changes in someone they care about, gently encourage them to seek evaluation. 

When we approach cognitive changes with openness and understanding, we help create a community where families feel less alone — and more supported.

Together, we can make every season one of clarity, empathy, and real help.